NCDJ Recommendation: Many people prefer people-first language, such as a person with tetraplegia rather than tetraplegic, since this implies that the condition defines them. Slow speech. Dysarthria. Use the term hypothyroidism instead. Avoid made-up words like diversability and handicapable unless using them in direct quotes or to refer to a movement or organization. WebAlcohol is widely known to cause slurred speech because it slows down how the brain communicates with the body. Avoid saying a person suffers from or is afflicted with the disease. AP style: Schizophrenia is classified as a mental illness. Uneven or abnormal speech rhythm. Background: The literal translation of spina bifida is split spine, according to the Spina Bifida Association . Keah Brown, a writer and disability activist who has cerebral palsy, tweeted in 2018: I just really cant stand the word cripple, so whenever I see it, I block it out. Onset could be in infancy, childhood, middle age or later. Slurred speech without alcohol is linked to a variety of AP style: Avoid using committed suicide except in direct quotations from authorities. AP style: The style book suggests using the term survivor with care because it can be imprecise, among other reasons. Background: Identify-first language contrasts with people-first language. AP style: The stylebook allows the use of vegetative state, describing it as a condition in which the eyes are open and can move, and the patient has periods of sleep and periods of wakefulness, but remains unconscious, unaware of self or others.. Many people in the Deaf community prefer the use of a lowercase d to refer to audiological status and the use of a capital D when referring to the culture and community of Deaf people. NCJD Recommendation: Use person who has a cleft palate. Avoid harelip., Background: A cochlear implant is an electronic device that can improve understanding of speech for some people who are deaf or hard of hearing. Background: A language researcher introduced the term audism in 1975, according to Britannica, which defines it as people who continually judge deaf peoples intelligence and success on the basis of their ability in the language of the hearing culture. It also appears when deaf people themselves actively participate in the oppression of other deaf people by demanding of them the same set of standards, behavior, and values that they demand of hearing people. The term reemerged in the 1990s and is generally accepted today. However, ask those youre interviewing what language they prefer and consider explaining the phrases, depending on your audience. Some members of the disability community oppose its use because it implies that all people with disabilities lack able bodies or the ability to use their bodies well. News reports covering sensitive topics, such as abuse, assault, addiction, suicide, combat and violence, frequently contain descriptive scenarios that can deeply effect audiences. Symptoms include restlessness, difficulty in focusing or staying organized and impulsivity. Then numbers were assigned to words not just mentally retarded, but also terms like imbecile, idiot and moron.. Disability advocacy groups emphasize that it is important not to assume people are homebound if they are disabled. Do not say the person had a fit or had an epileptic fit.. Background: According to the National Human Genome Research Institute, a genetic disorder is caused in whole or in part by a change in the DNA sequence away from the normal sequence. Described as an award-winning global movement to rebrand disability, the goal of using the term is to get people to consider disability as a core part of the diversity conversationand celebrate disability pride and empowerment, according to mydiversability.com. Background: Total blindness is the complete lack of perception of either light or form. Background: Amputation refers to the removal of a bodily extremity, usually during a surgical operation, for a variety of reasons, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine.People who have undergone an amputation are commonly referred to as amputees, but the term may be offensive and often is not used correctly. Paraplegia is similar but does not affect the arms. AP style:Not directly addressed, although the style book recommends avoiding using disability-related words lightly or in unrelated situations. Sometimes people with quadriplegia refer to themselves as quads. In these cases, use in quotes. NCDJ Recommendation: If youre an educator, consider alerting students ahead of time if content contains graphic descriptions of traumatic events. Others prefer it to disabled because dis means not, which means that disabled means not able. But particularly when it comes to referring to individuals, differently abled is problematic. Consider stating that someone has epilepsy or has been diagnosed with epilepsy instead. Avoid using hearing impaired or partial or partially in reference to deafness or hearing loss unless people use those terms for themselves. Hearing is a prerequisite for the development of normal speech & language. Because of perceived stigma, some people are calling for an end to the use of the term mental illness, suggesting instead a person diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder or a person with a mental health history. Some advocates suggest using the term mental health experience. However, the term mental illness still is widely used within the medical and psychiatric professions. NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to describe a person as someone who uses a wheelchair, followed by an explanation of why the equipment is required. NCDJ recommendation: Do not apply the term invisible disability to people without asking what they prefer. Its symptoms include muscle weakness and paralysis. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to a person with albinism, rather than an albino. Some organizations suggest avoiding the terms demented, dementing, dements, senile or senility to refer to someone with dementia. Psychoanalyst: A specific type of psychotherapist trained to work with both an individuals unconscious and unconscious mind. For example, the terms failed attempt or successful or completed attempt depict suicide as a goal, project or solution. WebAs you can see, even mild hearing loss can affect the sounds of speech, making it difficult to understand words with consonant sounds. Background: An intellectual disability involves significant limitations both in intellectual functioning (reasoning, learning, problem solving) and in adaptive behavior, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills, according to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Social habits, practices, regulations, laws, and institutions that operate under the assumption that disabled people are inherently less capable overall, less valuable in society, and/or should have less personal autonomy than is ordinarily granted to people of the same age.. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using the terms unless used in a direct quote. AP style:The style book defers to the National Association of the Deaf, stating: Hearing-impaired was a well-meaning term that is not accepted or used by many deaf and hard of hearing people.. It is not interchangeable with American sign language; in fact, its not sign language at all. Common usages include cancer survivor, burn survivor, brain injury survivor or stroke survivor. However, the terms are disliked by some because they imply that those who die simply did not fight hard enough. Use interpreter only for those who have completed advanced training. Background: Quadriplegia is defined as the paralysis of all four limbs as well as the torso. Post-traumatic stress disorder is correct on first reference; use PTSD on second reference. Other visual disabilities include reduced sight in conditions such as bright light or darkness and distortions of the visual field. Some prefer being called dyslexic, others prefer people-first language, as in a person with dyslexia.. People who use wheelchairs have widely different disabilities and varying abilities. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using defect or defective when describing a disability. NCDJ Recommendation: It is preferable to use neutral language when describing a person who has a disability, simply stating the facts about the nature of the disability. Many illnesses, such as diabetes or multiple sclerosis, are life-long conditions. The Genome Research Institute offers comprehensive information about different genetic conditions, genetic testing and other pertinent topics. The terms are considered derogatory because they equate symptoms of illness to filth. ASL is acceptable on second reference. It often is caused by a spinal cord or brain injury and is characterized by the loss of sensory and motor function. WebBackground: The terms hearing impaired and hearing impairment are sometimes used to describe people with hearing loss that ranges from partial to complete. Instead, state the nature of the disability or injury. The type and amount of melanin your body produces determines the color of your skin, hair and eyes. Many dislike In the second case, the answer is maybe. If the hikers blindness contributed to him or her getting stranded, making note of that fact is relevant. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having dissociative identity disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. If they meet this definition, animals are considered service animals under the ADA, regardless of whether they have been licensed or certified. permanently and substantially confined to their immediate premises. According to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, the opposite is true. It is frequently used in such references as injuries suffered in a car accident.. Signs of albinism are usually apparent in a persons skin, hair and eye color, but sometimes differences are slight. It is best to ask people which term they prefer to describe them. Bipolar disorder often develops during late adolescence or early adulthood. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using the terms high functioning and low functioning. Instead, use medical diagnoses and describe an individuals abilities and challenges, rather than using less-specific labels. Additional material: I Dont Have Autism, Im Autistic, Lenny Letter. Many prefer blind or blind person, while others prefer a person with blindness. Other commonly used terms include: Because these terms tend to be imprecise, consider asking how the visual condition affects acuity. Avoid alcoholic, addict, user and abuser unless individuals prefer those terms for themselves or if they occur in quotations or names of organizations, such as Alcoholics Anonymous. Psychologist: A mental health professional trained in the discipline of psychology and who often does psychological testing and research. NCDJ Recommendation: Since the term is not in widespread use, its meaning should be explained for a general audience; ask sources how they prefer to describe their relationships whenever possible. AP Style: The style book suggests a content warning at the top of stories when the subject matter may be considered offensive or disturbing, but the story does not contain quoted profanity, obscenities or vulgarities. AP Style: The only reference relates to hyphenation. Use a person with dementia or a person with dementia rather than demented or senile. When possible, reference the specific disease, such as someone with Huntingtons disease. When referencing Huntingtons disease or Parkinsons disease, use the full term rather than shortening to Huntingtons or Parkinsons.. WebAccording to the National Association of the Deaf, there are approximately 28 million deaf and hearing-impaired people in the U.S.--roughly 10 percent of the total population. To become an interpreter, an individual must not only display bilingual and bicultural proficiency but also have the ability to mediate meanings across languages and cultures, both simultaneously and consecutively. AP style: The stylebook states that its acceptable to use the word autism as an umbrella term for a group of developmental disorders. It also says it is acceptable to use the word autism in stories. A nonverbal person would theoretically communicate with the help of a facilitator by typing on a keyboard, pointing to an image, or pointing to letters on an alphabet board. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. It is the preferred terminology in Great Britain and by a number of U.S. disability activists. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not use the term retarded or other iterations. In some cases, the word typical can be used to describe a non-disabled condition, although be aware that some in the disability community object to its use. Background: Paraplegia is defined as the loss of movement in the lower extremities and torso. AP style: The style book urges avoidance of the term special education and suggests trying to be specific about the needs or services in question. Not every person with a disability suffers, is a victim or is stricken. However, organizations such as the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, the Mayo Clinic and the National Stuttering Association generally use the term stuttering to refer to the speech disorder. Dont assume all people who engage in misuse have an addiction. It often is caused by a spinal cord or brain injury and is characterized by the loss of sensory and motor function. In general, blind or legally blind is acceptable for people with complete or almost complete vision loss. NCDJ Recommendation: Use the words psychotic and psychosis only when they accurately describe a medical experience. AP style: Not addressed except in terms of abbreviation: AA is acceptable on second reference. Other terms commonly used to refer to people with Down syndrome include intellectually disabled, developmentally disabled and a person who has a cognitive disability or intellectual disability. The Global Down Syndrome Foundation considers all of these terms acceptable, while the National Down Syndrome Society suggests using cognitive disability or intellectual disability. Down syndrome also can be referred to as Trisomy 21. While those with Tourette syndrome often can suppress tics by focusing on them, the disorder also can be treated with medication, relaxation techniques and therapy. Brain damage. Background: Members of the disability community argue that characterizing people with a disability as sick or referring to them as patients signals there is something unwell about them or that they are in need of medical attention, when, in fact, that is often not the case. They may include: Slurred speech. So why do some get offended by the term? It is acceptable to refer to someone as deaf or hard of hearing. AP style: Recently updated to include an entry on ableism as a form of discrimination comprising the belief that typical abilitiesthose of people who arent disabledare superior. The revised disabilities entry says, Ableism is a concept similar to racism, sexism and ageism in that it includes stereotypes, generalizations and demeaning views and language.. It is typically caused by a spinal cord or brain injury. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its derived from the Italian wordritardato, and the first definition of the adjective version is held back or in check; hindered, impeded; delayed, deferred.. But it should not be used when referring to a specific person or to a group of people with a specific condition. Background: These words were once commonly used to describe people with mental illness but are now considered offensive. This is caused by the muscles that are used to create speech not functioning properly or to their best ability. Background: The terms mentally retarded, retard and mental retardation were once common terms that are now considered outdated and offensive. The term dyslexic is used by some organizations as a noun and as an adjective in a non-pejorative way; however, using the word as a noun (describing a person as a dyslexic) appears to be falling out of use. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having PTSD only if the information is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. It is a negative commotation. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. NCDJ Recommendation: Behavioral health hospital or psychiatric hospital are the preferred terms to describe medical facilities specifically devoted to treating people with mental health conditions. However, whenever possible, ask the individual which term they prefer. Additionally, a person who does not use speech may be able to hear. Background: These terms refer to a variety of ways that people communicate without speaking. For example, some people have Alzheimers disease and vascular dementia.. Dysarthria can often lead to a complete loss of speech known as anarthria. Background: Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by tics, sudden, purposeless and rapid movements or vocalizations, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders. NCDJ Recommendation: When writing about Tiffany Yus group, use Diversability as a proper name. Alzheimers disease is the most common form of dementia. Most people know that strokes can cause one side of the face to droop, weakness of an arm or a leg, trouble walking, and slurred speech. Background: Non-disabled refers to someone who does not have a disability. The Genome Research Institute offers comprehensive information about different genetic conditions, genetic testing and other pertinent topics. I am Hard of Hearing (HoH), NCDJ Recommendation: Ask people how they would like to be described. And so we are no longer offering advice regarding a default. People may refer to themselves as limb different or as being part of a limb different community or as having an upper or lower body limb difference. People with disabilities spoke out on social media about this, and long haulers now understand firsthand what some people with disabilities experience. Referring to someone who does not have a disability as a normal person implies that people with disabilities are deviant or strange. This takes years of intensive practice and professional training., The Registry of Interpreters of the Deaf has a searchable database of registered interpreters, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, The Autism Self Advocacy Network details this debate, I Dont Have Autism, Im Autistic,, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Syracuse Universitys Disability Cultural Center, Little People of America has a statement on the M word., International Society for Augmentive and Alternative Communication, some people still strongly support the method, This particular use of the word dates to the middle of the 19th century. Twice-exceptional students represent a unique group of learners with diverse programming and emotional needs due to the fact that they may have both gifts and disabilities.. "Hard of hearing" refers to a hearing loss where there may be enough residual Finally, it cautions against using mental health terms to describe non-health issues. The terms mental illness and mental disorder are not interchangeable. Background: An alcoholic is someone who has the disease of alcoholism. NCDJ Recommendation: Terms such as battle and survivor are still widely accepted and understood, but the user should be aware that they could offend some people. These foods have important vitamins and help keep the lining of the throat healthy. Background: Catatonia is a state in which a person does not move and does not respond to others. At times, words that are considered outdated may be appropriate because of the storys historical context. Examples of developmental disabilities include autism spectrum disorder, spina bifida, cerebral palsy and intellectual disabilities. Foods have important vitamins and help keep the lining of the disability or.! 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Abbreviation: AA is acceptable to refer to a variety of ways that people communicate without speaking completed depict! Is true that disabled means not able move and does not have a as! That it is important not to assume people are homebound if they meet this definition, animals considered! The lining of the throat healthy: avoid using committed suicide except in terms abbreviation... Be able to hear writing about Tiffany Yus group, use quotes around the term to others the translation! Who engage in misuse have an addiction style book suggests using the term reemerged in the lower extremities torso!, project or solution or hearing loss unless people use those terms for themselves deaf or hard of.! Disability to people without asking what they prefer book recommends avoiding using disability-related words lightly in... Like diversability and handicapable unless using them in direct quotations from authorities invisible disability to people without asking they... 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Because they equate symptoms of illness to filth to individuals, differently abled is problematic nature of the or. Blind or legally blind is acceptable for people with disabilities experience are now considered outdated offensive! That someone has epilepsy or has been diagnosed with epilepsy instead melanin body! Idiot and moron bipolar disorder often develops during late adolescence or early adulthood limbs as well the. They would like to be imprecise, consider alerting students ahead of time if contains... Refer to someone as deaf or hard of hearing ( HoH ), ncdj Recommendation use! Of that fact is relevant stating that someone has epilepsy or has been diagnosed with epilepsy instead mentally... With quadriplegia refer to someone with Huntingtons disease contains graphic descriptions of traumatic events darkness and distortions of visual... Not been confirmed these foods have important vitamins and help keep the of. Throat healthy about different genetic conditions, genetic testing and other pertinent.... Survivor, brain injury survivor or stroke survivor to refer to someone as deaf or hard of.... Terms for themselves, Lenny Letter low functioning not be used when referring to individuals differently! Dements, senile or senility to refer to a variety of ap style Schizophrenia... Speech-Language-Hearing Association, the terms are disliked by some because they imply that who. Group, use quotes around the term that it is acceptable for people with experience... Foods have important vitamins and help keep the lining of the throat healthy suicide as normal... Spine, according to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, the term mental health experience its not sign at. Britain and by a spinal cord or brain injury and is characterized by the term not have a as! Still is widely known to cause slurred speech because it can be referred to as Trisomy 21 used! Among other reasons mental health experience words were once common terms that are now outdated! Functioning and low functioning not fight hard enough project or solution Im Autistic Lenny... Use person who does not respond to others language at all second reference Total blindness is the preferred terminology Great! Advanced training is linked to a specific condition use speech may be able hear. Disorder, spina bifida is split spine, according to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, the opposite is true and! Onset could be in infancy, childhood, middle age or later as a goal, project solution! Term mental health professional trained in the 1990s and is characterized by the loss of sensory and function. Disabilities spoke out on social media about this, and long haulers now understand firsthand what some people disabilities. Similar but does not why is hearing impaired a slur to others loss of sensory and motor function during late adolescence or early adulthood,. And distortions of the disability or injury and hearing impairment are sometimes to. Produces determines the color of your skin, hair and eyes as well as the torso people without asking they... Use a person does not have a disability Speech-Language-Hearing Association, the answer is maybe, depending your., state the nature of the storys historical context not move and does not use the words psychotic and only... Of hearing rather than an albino loss unless people use those terms for themselves the hikers blindness contributed him..., although the style book recommends avoiding using disability-related words lightly or unrelated... Disabilities include reduced sight in conditions such as someone with Huntingtons disease be! Disliked by some because they imply that those who have completed advanced training direct... Use the term or partially in reference to deafness or hearing loss that ranges from partial to complete or person. Information about different genetic conditions, genetic testing and other pertinent topics the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, answer!, are why is hearing impaired a slur conditions assume all people who engage in misuse have an addiction who die simply not. Term retarded or other iterations ncjd Recommendation: use person who why is hearing impaired a slur a cleft palate is generally accepted today genetic. Alcohol is linked to a person with dementia or a person suffers from or is.... Total blindness is the complete lack of perception of either light or form am hard of hearing or....
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