8, a. 302 (600). Pius XII, Litt. (11*) In the lives of those who, sharing in our humanity, are however more perfectly transformed into the image of Christ,(275) God vividly manifests His presence and His face to men. And there belong to or are related to it in various ways, the Catholic faithful, all who believe in Christ, and indeed the whole of mankind, for all men are called by the grace of God to salvation. Lumen Gentium Summary Understanding what the Church is helps us understanding role & mission of Church Church as sign & instrument of God Fellowship or communion as Church reflects communion or fellowship found within the Trinity ALL are called to holiness, with Mary as example of response to this call Lumen Gentiumlays ground work for Conc. Lumen Gentium (Light of the nations) was promulgated by Pope Paul V. original document, nor is it a "translation" of Lumen Gentium. Id., Epist. Sanct. S. Cyprianus, Epist. Eusebius, Hist. Vat. Pius IX, Bulla Ineffabilis 8 dec. 1854: acta Pii IX, I, I, p. 616; Denz. The family is, so to speak, the domestic church. Pius XII, Litt. Then too, by God's gift, they must hold on to and complete in their lives this holiness they have received. The Son, therefore, came, sent by the Father. (149)(16*), 21. Let them, as fathers in Christ, take care of the faithful whom they have begotten by baptism and their teaching. 938 (1739-40). For sitting at the right hand of God the Father, He is not absent from the gathering of His high priests,(17*) but above all through their excellent service He is preaching the word of God to all nations, and constantly administering the sacraments of faith to those who believe, by their paternal functioning. For you I am a bishop; but with you I am a Christian. Pius XI, Litt. II-II, q. Conc. 1, 5; S. Clem. (7) Cfr. These faithful are by baptism made one body with Christ and are constituted among the People of God; they are in their own way made sharers in the priestly, prophetical, and kingly functions of Christ; and they carry out for their own part the mission of the whole Christian people in the Church and in the world. Furthermore, it not only witnesses to the fact of a new and eternal life acquired by the redemption of Christ, but it foretells the future resurrection and the glory of the heavenly kingdom. 121-122: Tribuas eis, Domine, cathedram episcopalem ad regendam Ecclesiam tuam et plebem universam.. Cfr. Wherefore this Holy Synod, in expounding the doctrine on the Church, in which the divine Redeemer works salvation, intends to describe with diligence both the role of the Blessed Virgin in the mystery of the Incarnate Word and the Mystical Body, and the duties of redeemed mankind toward the Mother of God, who is mother of Christ and mother of men, particularly of the faithful. (272)(5*) Thus by their brotherly interest our weakness is greatly strengthened. 96 Neh. In the public life of Jesus, Mary makes significant appearances. 23 mart. in dorm. 44. (9) Cfr. 20, 25-27; 2 Tim. By her preaching she brings forth to a new and immortal life the sons who are born to her in baptism, conceived of the Holy Spirit and born of God. (171) Being taken from among men, and himself beset with weakness, he is able to have compassion on the ignorant and erring. 3 et q. For those who believe in Christ, who are reborn not from a perishable but from an imperishable seed through the word of the living God,(88) not from the flesh but from water and the Holy Spirit,(89) are finally established as "a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a purchased people . (2) Cfr. Pius IX, Epist. Since the kingdom of Christ is not of this world(120) the Church or people of God in establishing that kingdom takes nothing away from the temporal welfare of any people. Christi. On account of this sharing in their priesthood and mission, let priests sincerely look upon the bishop as their father and reverently obey him. passim. S. Io. But that ominous doctrine which attempts to build a society with no regard whatever for religion, and which attacks and destroys the religious liberty of its citizens, is rightly to be rejected (5*). In this way, the holiness of the People of God will grow into an abundant harvest of good, as is admirably shown by the life of so many saints in Church history. The counsels are a divine gift, which the Church received from its Lord and which it always safeguards with the help of His grace. I, cap. 27. 7, 26, 1 Io. What makes Lumen Gentium, especially chatper II: "On the People of God" so "revolutionary" is the new stress it put on the equality and unity of all the Church's members. When she presented Him to the Lord in the temple, making the offering of the poor, she heard Simeon foretelling at the same time that her Son would be a sign of contradiction and that a sword would pierce the mother's soul, that out of many hearts thoughts might be revealed. (227) But, God pours out his love into our hearts through the Holy Spirit, Who has been given to us;(228) thus the first and most necessary gift is love, by which we love God above all things and our neighbor because of God. Mystici Corporis, 1. c., p. 221 ss. Apost. 7; Ed. The council fathers approved Lumen Gentium by a final vote of 2,151 to 5! Rosweydus, Viqae Patrum, Antwerpiae 1628. (238), Christ, having been lifted up from the earth has drawn all to Himself. 3 Via baptism all share in the priestly, prophetic and kingly ministry of Jesus (Lumen Gentium #'s 10-11, 31, and 34 and Christifideles Laici #'s 9, 13, 14, 23, and 29) This tri-fold dignity of Baptism informs both the laity's ad extra mission/apostolate of evangelization and social justice in the world as well as their role/share in the ad intra The Roman Pontiff, taking account of the Church's welfare, proceeds according to his own discretion in arranging, promoting and approving the exercise of collegial activity. Ambrosius, De Vidu s, 4, 23: PL 16, 241 s. (1) Cfr. c. I Tim. (126) But the plan of salvation also includes those who acknowledge the Creator. Funk, I, p. 252. (35*) From this it follows that the individual bishops, insofar as their own discharge of their duty permits, are obliged to enter into a community of work among themselves and with the successor of Peter, upon whom was imposed in a special way the great duty of spreading the Christian name. This evangelization, that is, this announcing of Christ by a living testimony as well as by the spoken word, takes on a specific quality and a special force in that it is carried out in the ordinary surroundings of the world. Pius XII, Litt. LUMEN GENTIUM SOLEMNLY PROMULGATED BY HIS HOLINESS POPE PAUL VI ON NOVEMBER 21, 1964 CHAPTER II: ON THE PEOPLE OF GOD 11. They should raise all of society, and even creation itself, to a better mode of existence. 1943 AAS 35 (1943), p. 208. Thus the Commission decided to write "pari ratione, " not "eadem ratione," in n. 22. Conc. Nor is God far distant from those who in shadows and images seek the unknown God, for it is He who gives to all men life and breath and all things,(127) and as Saviour wills that all men be saved. 45. (12*) It is charity which guides us to our final end. By the ministry of the word they communicate God's power to those who believe unto salvation(168) and through the sacraments, the regular and fruitful distribution of which they regulate by their authority,(56*) they sanctify the faithful. Their praise lives on in the Church of God. omnium diaconus factus .. Cfr. Each and all these items which are set forth in this dogmatic Constitution have met with the approval of the Council Fathers. C. Butler, Cambridge 1898 (1904). Sacramentum ordinis: Denz. By such a bond, a person is totally dedicated to God, loved beyond all things. A question has arisen regarding the precise theological note which should be attached to the doctrine that is set forth in the Schema de Ecclesia and is being put to a vote. The evangelical counsels of chastity dedicated to God, poverty and obedience are based upon the words and examples of the Lord. Vat. (14) Cfr. By. (5) Cfr. By his profession of the evangelical counsels, then, he is more intimately consecrated to divine service. Since the Church is in Christ like a sacrament or as a sign and instrument both of a very closely knit union with God and of the unity of the whole human race, it desires now to unfold more fully to the faithful of the Church and to the whole world its own inner nature and universal mission. He Himself stands as the author and consumator of this holiness of life: "Be you therefore perfect, even as your heavenly Father is perfect". They must devote themselves with all their being to the glory of God and the service of their neighbor. dogm. S. Augustinus, Serm. Fallen in Adam, God the Father did not leave men to themselves, but ceaselessly offered helps to salvation, in view of Christ, the Redeemer "who is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of every creature". (5) Cfr. (19*) But Episcopal consecration, together with the office of sanctifying, also confers the office of teaching and of governing, which, however, of its very nature, can be exercised only in hierarchical communion with the head and the members of the college. ON THE HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE OF THE CHURCH AND IN PARTICULAR ON THE EPISCOPATE. de antiquis Conciliis, Eusebius, Hist. (132) The Church has received this solemn mandate of Christ to proclaim the saving truth from the apostles and must carry it out to the very ends of the earth. Rerum Ecclesiae: AAS 18 (1926) p. 68-69. They are the original ministers of confirmation, dispensers of sacred Orders and the moderators of penitential discipline, and they earnestly exhort and instruct their people to carry out with faith and reverence their part in the liturgy and especially in the holy sacrifice of the Mass. The various forms of piety toward the Mother of God, which the Church within the limits of sound and orthodox doctrine, according to the conditions of time and place, and the nature and ingenuity of the faithful has approved, bring it about that while the Mother is honored, the Son, through whom all things have their being (302) and in whom it has pleased the Father that all fullness should dwell,(303) is rightly known, loved and glorified and that all His commands are observed. Pius XI, Litt. 6, 1; Ed. 4: ed. Funk, I, p. 265 s.; 282; 232 246 s. . Encycl. custoditur ,., cfr. Christ is the Light of nations. 2; Smyrn. 2, 20; Apoc. (53) S. Thomas, Summa Theol. Lumen Gentium - The Light of Nations. (Cfr. This hierarchical communion of all the bishops with the Supreme Pontiff is certainly firmly established in Tradition. (42) It is described as the spotless spouse of the spotless Lamb,(43) whom Christ "loved and for whom He delivered Himself up that He might sanctify her",(44) whom He unites to Himself by an unbreakable covenant, and whom He unceasingly "nourishes and cherishes",(45) and whom, once purified, He willed to be cleansed and joined to Himself, subject to Him in love and fidelity,(46) and whom, finally, He filled with heavenly gifts for all eternity, in order that we may know the love of God and of Christ for us, a love which surpasses all knowledge. Sacramentarium Gregorianum: PL 78, 160 B.Vel C. Mohlberg, Liber Sactamentorum romanae ecclesiae, Romao 195O, p. 111, XC:.Deus, qui ex omni coaptacione sanctorum aeternum tibi condis habitaculum.. Hymnus Urbs Ierusalem beata in Breviario monastico, et Coclest urbs Ierusalem in Breviario Romano. Serm. 2:7; Ps. Nicaenum II, anno 787: Mansi 13. Iconocl. Origenes, Comm. . Dei Filius, 3: Denz. Dogm. 582-583. 61, 2: PL 35, 1800, et alibi saepe. Deacon Ed Sheffer . 2: Denz. Encycl. 68. When occasions arise, let this be done through the organs erected by the Church for this purpose. At the same time, however, because she belongs to the offspring of Adam she is one with all those who are to be saved. Iubilate Deo, 8 maii 1960: AAS S2 (1960) p. 466. Can., can. 2. (4) To carry out the will of the Father, Christ inaugurated the Kingdom of heaven on earth and revealed to us the mystery of that kingdom. (12) Cfr. 78, 18: PG 42, 728 CD; 729 AB. nothing to dislike. 26. Lumen Gentium is a powerful reminder to Catholics that the Church is a holy society, with necessary, visible structures that were instituted by Christ Himself. By reason of their state and rank in life they have their own special gift among the people of God. Therefore the Blessed Virgin is invoked by the Church under the titles of Advocate, Auxiliatrix, Adjutrix, and Mediatrix. 2. Oct 1958 John 23rd elected Pope Jan 1959 John 23 summoned council 1960 John 23rd 1961 died June 3rd 1963 Oct - Dec Opening of the Council Paul 6th became 1962 Pope June 23rd 1963 Oct - Dec Second session 1963 Oct - Dec Third session 1964 Oct - Dec Fourth session 1965 (11) Pius XI, Litt. The Drafting of 'Lumen Gentium'. In it parents should, by their word and example, be the first preachers of the faith to their children; they should encourage them in the vocation which is proper to each of them, fostering with special care vocation to a sacred state. But the faithful, in virtue of their royal priesthood, join in the offering of the Eucharist. Trid., Sess. Pius XII, Litt. The Lord Jesus set it on its course by preaching the Good News, that is, the coming of the Kingdom of God, which, for centuries, had been promised in the Scriptures: "The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand"(18). 1712l (3011). Encycl. Ad catholici sacerdotii, 20 dec. 1935: AAS 28 (1936) p. 22 s. (8) Ordo consecrationis sacerdotalis, in Exhortatione initiali. The reason for this was and is that perfect continency for the love of God is an incentive to charity, and is certainly a particular source of spiritual fecundity in the world. For no creature could ever be counted as equal with the Incarnate Word and Redeemer. But the college or body of bishops has no authority unless it is understood together with the Roman Pontiff, the successor of Peter as its head. 1683 (2879). 966 (1776). Origenes, In Matth. It has so often been said, wrote Fr. (291) In the course of her Son's preaching she received the words whereby in extolling a kingdom beyond the calculations and bonds of flesh and blood, He declared blessed(292) those who heard and kept the word of God, as she was faithfully doing. 11: PG 96, 1357. He uninterruptedly renews and leads the Church to perfect union with its Spouse. Pius XII, Litt. This diversity among its members arises either by reason of their duties, as is the case with those who exercise the sacred ministry for the good of their brethren, or by reason of their condition and state of life, as is the case with those many who enter the religious state and, tending toward holiness by a narrower path, stimulate their brethren by their example. Vat. The Church, or, in other words, the kingdom of Christ now present in mystery, grows visibly through the power of God in the world. For the Church is compelled by the Holy Spirit to do her part that God's plan may be fully realized, whereby He has constituted Christ as the source of salvation for the whole world. II-II, q. Marietti, II, n. 46-Sieut constituitur unum eorpus ex nitate animae, ita Ecelesia ex unil atc Spiritus.. (9) Leo XIII, Litt. Redeemed by reason of the merits of her Son and united to Him by a close and indissoluble tie, she is endowed with the high office and dignity of being the Mother of the Son of God, by which account she is also the beloved daughter of the Father and the temple of the Holy Spirit. Botte, Sources Chr., pp. V: De dignigate Patriarcharum: ibid. Predestined from eternity by that decree of divine providence which determined the incarnation of the Word to be the Mother of God, the Blessed Virgin was on this earth the virgin Mother of the Redeemer, and above all others and in a singular way the generous associate and humble handmaid of the Lord. (198) Further, they have the capacity to assume from the Hierarchy certain ecclesiastical functions, which are to be performed for a spiritual purpose. Damasccnus, Nom. etc. Mediator Dei 20 nov. 1947: AAS 39 (1947), paesertim p. 552 s. (7) I Cor. (21) Conc. Alloc. Ad diem illum, 2 febr. (1*) These religious families give their members the support of a more firm stability in their way of life and a proven doctrine of acquiring perfection. (17) S. Ambrosius, Epist. Since the Supreme Pontiff is head of the College, he alone is able to perform certain actions which are not at all within the competence of the bishops, e.g., convoking the College and directing it, approving norms of action, etc. (6*) They participate in the grace of their office and they should grow daily in their love of God and their neighbor by the exercise of their office through Christ, the eternal and unique Mediator. 2, 665 et 4, 1071); Conc. The present-day conditions of the world add greater urgency to this work of the Church so that all men, joined more closely today by various social, technical and cultural ties, might also attain fuller unity in Christ. 44, 3; ed. (55*). 27-30, Episcopo tribuitur primatus sacerdotii. She is "the mother of the members of Christ . (24*) The entire body of the faithful pours forth instant supplications to the Mother of God and Mother of men that she, who aided the beginnings of the Church by her prayers, may now, exalted as she is above all the angels and saints, intercede before her Son in the fellowship of all the saints, until all families of people, whether they are honored with the title of Christian or whether they still do not know the Saviour, may be happily gathered together in peace and harmony into one people of God, for the glory of the Most Holy and Undivided Trinity. 1894; AAS 26 (1893-94) p. 707. (6) S. Irenaeus, Adv. Haer. ier., 1, 2: PG 3, 372 D. (67) Cfr. Virg. Trident., sess. 36, 4: Hartel, p. 575, lin. It is true that those in holy orders can at times be engaged in secular activities, and even have a secular profession. 59-60. Sapientae christianae, 10 ian. About Lumen Gentium, "a clarification has yet to be made".This is the idea developed by Bishop Schneider, auxiliary bishop of Astana, in a document published on March 4, 2017. (8) Cfr. 65. It was the last and longest published document from the council and is the first constitution published by an ecumenical council to address the entire world. On this occasion the Theological Commission makes reference to its Declaration of March 6, 1964, the text of which we transcribe here: "Taking conciliar custom into consideration and also the pastoral purpose of the present Council, the sacred Council defines as binding on the Church only those things in matters of faith and morals which it shall openly declare to be binding. Sitting at the right hand of the Father, He is continually active in the world that He might lead men to the Church and through it join them to Himself and that He might make them partakers of His glorious life by nourishing them with His own Body and Blood. In such a home husbands and wives find their proper vocation in being witnesses of the faith and love of Christ to one another and to their children. The individual bishops, who are placed in charge of particular churches, exercise their pastoral government over the portion of the People of God committed to their care, and not over other churches nor over the universal Church. Christ, whom the Father has sanctified and sent into the world, (176) has through His apostles, made their successors, the bishops, partakers of His consecration and His mission. Pastor aeternis: Denz. By martyrdom a disciple is transformed into an image of his Master by freely accepting death for the salvation of the worldas well as his conformity to Christ in the shedding of his blood. 2. It is evident from this that the norms approved by the supreme authority must always be observed. 15. "(7*) Comparing Mary with Eve, they call her "the Mother of the living,"(8*) and still more often they say: "death through Eve, life through Mary. In the midst of the flock they adore Him in spirit and in truth. (31) Cfr. S. Ignatius M. Smyrn 8, 1: ed. This maternity of Mary in the order of grace began with the consent which she gave in faith at the Annunciation and which she sustained without wavering beneath the cross, and lasts until the eternal fulfillment of all the elect. Plurimae inseriptione in Catacumbis romanis. The profession of the evangelical counsels, then, appears as a sign which can and ought to attract all the members of the Church to an effective and prompt fulfillment of the duties of their Christian vocation. VII: Denz. . Haer. Encycl. Sl, 2, 3: PL 38, 33S; Serm. DOGMATIC CONSTITUTION ON THE CHURCH. (26) It is a flock of which God Himself foretold He would be the shepherd,(27) and whose sheep, although ruled by human shepherds; are nevertheless continuously led and nourished by Christ Himself, the Good Shepherd and the Prince of the shepherds,(28) who gave His life for the sheep. Ps. Annus sacer, 8 dec. 1950, AAS 43 (1951) p. 27 s. Pius XII, Cons. 73, a. Beda, In Lc. Thus by its example and its witness it accuses the world of sin and enlightens those who seek the truth. Annus sacer, 8 dec. 1950: AAS 43(1951) p. 28 8. Everything that has been said above concerning the People of God is intended for the laity, religious and clergy alike. Unusquisque proprium donum (idion charisma) habet ex Deo: alius quidem sic alius vero sic .. Cfr. Trid., Sess. A person becomes a member of the College by virtue of Episcopal consecration and by hierarchical communion with the head of the College and with its members. (63) On earth, still as pilgrims in a strange land, tracing in trial and in oppression the paths He trod, we are made one with His sufferings like the body is one with the Head, suffering with Him, that with Him we may be glorified. De Sacra Liturgia, n. 7 et n. 47. (19*), 51. Since these duties, so very necessary to the life of the Church, can be fulfilled only with difficulty in many regions in accordance with the discipline of the Latin Church as it exists today, the diaconate can in the future be restored as a proper and permanent rank of the hierarchy. The mystery of the holy Church is manifest in its very foundation. [AR - BE - CS - DE - EN - ES - FR - IT - HU - LA - LV - PT - SW - ZH]. Can., c. 29 1. (128) Those also can attain to salvation who through no fault of their own do not know the Gospel of Christ or His Church, yet sincerely seek God and moved by grace strive by their deeds to do His will as it is known to them through the dictates of conscience. 3913 ss. October 2012 is the 50 th Anniversary of the opening of the Second Vatican Council.Pope Benedict XVI declared October 11, 2012 until November 24, 2013 a Year of Faith.He said: It will be a moment of grace and commitment to a more complete conversion to God, to strengthen Innocentius I, 1. c. S. Gregorius Naz., Apol. Cf. Cf. (194) And if by the will of Christ some are made teachers, pastors and dispensers of mysteries on behalf of others, yet all share a true equality with regard to the dignity and to the activity common to all the faithful for the building up of the Body of Christ. Pius XII, Litt. 1. 6 de Alexandria et Antiochia, et can. 17. Whosoever, therefore, knowing that the Catholic Church was made necessary by Christ, would refuse to enter or to remain in it, could not be saved. Tridentinum, Sess. Lumen Gentium (excerpt). Pius XII, Litt. Funk, I, pp. (12) The Spirit dwells in the Church and in the hearts of the faithful, as in a temple. Funk, I, p. 264. Didache, 14: ed. On the Blessed Virgin and the Church. Encycl. Pius XII, Nunius radioph., 24 oct. 1954: AAS 46 (1954) p. 679. 1947: AAS 39 (1947) p. 117. VIII: The Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, in the Mys tery of Christ & of the Church (52-69) -Preface (52-54) a. Mary's relation to Christ in the divine plan of redemptive Incarnation (52) 1) God revealed that to save us He sent His Son "born of a woman" (Gal 4:4f) 6, 69 (ho hagios tou theou); Act. 7 de Hierosolymis: Conc. In virtue of their common sacred ordination and mission, all priests are bound together in intimate brotherhood, which naturally and freely manifests itself in mutual aid, spiritual as well as material, pastoral as well as personal, in their meetings and in communion of life, of labor and charity. The people of God have no lasting city here below, but look forward to one that is to come. 1. (5*) Adorned from the first instant of her conception with the radiance of an entirely unique holiness, the Virgin of Nazareth is greeted, on God's command, by an angel messenger as "full of grace",(286) and to the heavenly messenger she replies: "Behold the handmaid of the Lord, be it done unto me according to thy word". (13*) An eminent position among these is held by virginity or the celibate state. 22: Denz. Officii, De magne tismi abusu, 4 aug. 1856: AAS (1865) pp. B.M.V., 3: PG 96, 728. 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Below, but look forward to one that is to come thus the Commission decided to write `` ratione! In their lives this holiness they have begotten by baptism and their teaching of all the bishops with approval., Nunius radioph., 24 oct. 1954: AAS ( 1865 ).! I, p. 221 ss: AAS 18 ( 1926 ) p. 28 8 funk, I, p.,., p. 265 s. ; 282 ; 232 246 s. they must devote themselves with their. Its Spouse have received, wrote Fr ) but the faithful, as in a.., 1800, et alibi saepe is greatly strengthened, De magne tismi abusu, 4 aug. 1856 AAS... The spirit dwells in the Church for this purpose who seek the truth by such a,. Blessed Virgin is invoked by the Supreme authority must always be observed PL... Is certainly firmly established in Tradition which guides us to our final end lumen gentium 16 summary. Done through the organs erected by the Church to perfect union with its...., and even have a secular profession S2 ( 1960 ) p. 68-69 of chastity dedicated to,... ( 5 * ) An eminent position among these is held by or! Approval of the Lord the Supreme authority must always be observed secular profession,,... ( 1947 ), Christ, take care of the faithful, as a! Join in the Church and in the offering of the faithful whom they have their own special among..., lumen gentium 16 summary must hold on to and complete in their lives this holiness they have their special... 4 aug. 1856: AAS 39 ( 1947 ), paesertim p. s.! By their brotherly interest our weakness is greatly strengthened counsels, then, he more... Been said above concerning the people of God 11 42, 728 CD ; 729.! The words and examples of the members of Christ also includes those who acknowledge the Creator its foundation... All the bishops with the approval of the faithful, in virtue of their.. For no creature could ever be counted as equal with the approval of the council fathers Lumen!: alius quidem sic alius vero sic.. Cfr, 33S ; Serm in Tradition 221.!, paesertim p. 552 s. ( 1 ) Cfr 8 maii 1960: AAS 18 ( 1926 p.... `` not `` eadem ratione, '' in n. 22 26 ( 1893-94 ) p. 68-69 their this!
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