Their hardships have hit hard on mankind and so they became the most famous slaves in history. Sam Sharpe, sometimes known as Sam Sharp or Sam Sharpe Williams, was an enslaved African man who was a significant figure in Jamaicas 1831 Baptist War, a slave insurrection. He eventually became a major planter and one of the wealthiest property owners in the state. In the early years, slaves were used for labor on plantations, in the fields and in the homes of their owners. Like many slave children born on plantations, John Carruthers Stanlys parentage was questionable. Many members of the group were seasoned soldiers, either from the Yamasee War or from their experience in their homes in Angola, where they were captured and sold, and had been trained in the use of weapons. William Ellison Jr. (c.April 1790 December 5, 1861), born April Ellison, was a U.S. cotton gin maker and blacksmith in South Carolina, and former African-American slave who achieved considerable success as a slaveowner before the American Civil War. A merchant of Mecca, Hakim ibn Hizam bought him and presented to Khadijah bint Khuwaylid who was his aunt. However, American abduction of men and women from Africa actually dates to November 1526. Dubluclet was, in many ways, a true Southern gentleman: smart, well-dressed and debonair. That was a tactical mistake to be sure, but Deslondes and his men had wisely chosen the well-outfitted Andry plantation a warehouse for the local militia as the place to begin their revolt. His resume later included stints as a lawyer, a Republican National Committee member and a U.S. army major during the Spanish-American War. She used her money to maintain her local parish church, and she even volunteered the labor of her own slaves for the task. Enrique was an important member of the expedition, assisting in communication with indigenous peoples encountered along the road and acting as a liaison between the team and local authorities. Despite his eventual loss, Spartacus insurrection is regarded as a watershed moment in the history of slavery and resistance. He gave each of his sons part of the properties, as they were all working with him in his business. Douglass rose to prominence as a speaker and writer after escaping slavery, using his own experiences as a slave to teach people about the reality of slavery and the need for its abolition. At the same time, however, she was a committed Catholic. The slaves fought off the English for more than a week before the colonists rallied and killed most of the rebels, although some very likely reachedFort Mose. Many African Americans resisted this strategy, known as accommodationism, believing that the full rights and equality guaranteed by the Constitution should be demanded. Johnson.[5]. Learn more about South Carolina Hall of Fame inductees here. 4. America's First African Slaves Came to South Carolina In August 1619, "20. and odd Negroes" were captured - twice - and carried to the coast of Virginia. Driven by prophetic visions and joined by a host of followers but with no clear goals on August 22, 1831, Turner and about 70 armed slaves and free blacks set off to slaughter the white neighbors who enslaved them. For them, slaves were nothing more than labor or possessions. James Monroe hostage until the merchant class bent to the rebels demands of equal rights for all. His parents were the slaves of a German American immigrant, Moses Carver. Of course they did. She died in 1913, but her legacy as a fearless and determined campaigner for African American rights lingers on to this day. William Ellison Jr. was named "April" by his master when born into slavery about 1790 on a plantation near Winnsboro, South Carolina. After the abolishment of slavery, Moses and his wife Susan undertook the responsibility of raising George and his brother James for a better future. Then, with his brothers freedom purchased, he focused his attention on moving out of cutting hair and into making some serious money. Born in a tribe called Kalb in Najd of Central Arabia, he was kidnapped at a very young age and sold as slave. After a few years, he had saved up a sum of money and earned himself a reputation in the local community as an honest and hard-working young man. Men and women of color owning slaves was not so uncommon, even in 18th century South Carolina. For many free black people, being forced to hold their relatives as property put them at risk. North Carolina's largest slave holder in 1860 was a black plantation owner named William Ellison. Criticizing the Klan put Raineys life at risk. While the collapse of Reconstruction doomed Bruce to a lone term in the Senate, the formerly enslaved legislator remained active in politics and later spent several years as register of the Treasury, a role that saw his signature appear on all the nations paper currency. He got free from this system at the age of 33 but continued to work on the plantation. Despite his slave position, Aesop became well-known for his fables, which are short stories with animal characters and a moral lesson. As they moved toward New Orleans, intending to capture the city, dozens more men and women joined the cause, singing Creole protest songs while pillaging plantations and murdering whites. Antoine Dubulcet had more than 100 slaves toiling on his plantations. In 1862, the South Carolina native was serving as a wheelman aboard a Confederate steamer called the Planter. CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. The name indicated the month he was born, which was a common slave-naming practice at the time. The son of an enslaved black woman and her white master, Blanche Bruce grew up a house servant on plantations in Virginia, Mississippi and Missouri. In the early 1820s, she was born into slavery in Maryland, but she escaped to freedom in the North in 1849. The first governor, William Sayle, brought three blacks in the founding fleet in 1670 and another a few months later. Philip Burnham, American Heritage Magazine, February 1993. Most of the rebels were captured quickly, but Turner eluded authorities for more than a month. After that, he became first friends, and then business partners, with one of his fathers old friends, a white New Orleans merchant by the name of John McDonogh. Upon returning home in 1866, he reinvented himself as a politician and served in the South Carolina state senate. Teaching American History in South Carolina Project. Quite simply, just because Angel was a person of color himself didnt mean he would treat his slaves kindly. He once received an anonymous letter warning him to prepare to meet your God, but despite the looming threat of assassination, he remained in the Congress for five consecutive termslonger than any Black politician during Reconstruction. He died in 1895, but his reputation as a key player in the anti-slavery and civil rights movements goes on to this day. Read all 100 Facts onThe Root. With incredible daring and navet Gabriel determined to march to Richmond, take the armory and hold Gov. At some point in the 1820s, Stanlys wife died. While Durnford was still a young man, his father died. He was born into slavery in the mid-nineteenth century and grew to prominence as a post-Civil War spokesperson for African American rights. [2][3] April continued to learn the variety of complex skills related to cotton-gin making and repair. They concluded that a revolt had been planned by secret black societies and gangs, inspired by a conspiracy of priests and their Catholic minions white, black, brown, free and slave. In Congress, Rainey established himself as a moderate Republican willing to make compromises in the fight for equality. slave rebellions, in the history of the Americas, periodic acts of violent resistance by Black slaves during nearly three centuries of chattel slavery. A Creole man who had sent his former slaves to be free in Liberia, Africa, asked Durnford if he would consider doing the same. But after the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, he had to flee from the country. [10], After gaining his freedom in 1817, Ellison moved to Sumter County, South Carolina, in the High Hills of Santee, where he established himself as a cotton gin maker. Most of his earnings went to his master, as April was a slave who was "hired out." For the acts of this profession, he climbed on same wooden crate that had once carried him to freedom. Aesop may have been a slave in ancient Greece, according to historical data. Toussaint Louverture was a slave since his birth on a plantation of Breda at Haut de Cap in Saint-Domingue. As a congressman, Smalls promoted Black voting rights and introduced legislation that would have desegregated the U.S. military, but his five terms were often hindered by political sabotage and election fraud by white supremacist forces. In fact, he was widely regarded as one of the richest men in all of the South, richer even than his white neighbors. WIKITREE PROTECTS MOST SENSITIVE INFORMATION BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT STATED IN THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICY. Marie-Therese was a wealthy woman. Of his fellow rebels, 21 went to the gallows, and another 16 were sold away from the region. Her only published work A Voice from the South: By a Woman from the South became one of the first landmarks in black feminism. The insurrection was ultimately unsuccessful, but it had a profound impact on the Jamaican and international abolitionist movements. As a mark of his status, on August 6, 1824, William Ellison was the first free person of color to install a family bench on the first floor of the church, which was usually reserved for wealthy white families who could afford to pay for a bench (and donate to the church). Abraham, an enslaved black man who carried messages between the frontier and Charles Town during wars with the Cherokee, for which he was freed. Also known by the names Hannibal and Ganibal, Major-General Abram Petrovich Gannibal belonged to the African land. As such, the child their affair produced was also born enslaved. Against the odds, he got the bankrupt state back into the black, ensuring his re-election in 1870 and then again in 1874. He held 63 slaves at his death and more than 900 acres (360ha) of land. It sent shockwaves throughout the South and served as a continual reminder of the potential of slave rebellion. Spartacus was killed in battle, and many of his followers were executed as a result of their uprising. He later escaped the gladiatorial school and plotted a revolt with the runaway slaves on Mount Vesuvius. Vesey and five other people were convicted and sentenced to death, while hundreds more were imprisoned or deported. During the American Civil War, Ellison and his sons supported the Confederate States of America and gave the government substantial donations and aid. Vesey's rebellion (1822) was to have involved, according to some accounts, as many as 9,000 slaves from the surrounding area, but the conspiracy was betrayed in June before . By the end of the month, whites had rounded up another 50 insurgents. The South Carolina Historical Magazine, Vol. Denmark Vesey was an enslaved African American man who plotted a slave rebellion in Charleston, South Carolina in 1822. 5. Despite the difficulties and risks of the journey, Enrique survived and returned to Spain with the expeditions remains in 1522. Some freed slaves would gain an education and earn money before taking on slaves of their own. Col. Joshua John Ward of Georgetown, South Carolina: 1,130 slaves. This would provide him with a valuable, highly skilled trade to make a living as an adult. Harriet Jacobs . He left behind all his possessions, however. Five children, to be precise, though who their father was is not known. He was a native of Malay Archipelago and served Ferdinand Magellan. Some even compare enslaved Americans to their brothers and sisters in Brazil, Cuba, Suriname and Haiti, the last of whom defeated the most powerful army in the world, Napoleons army, becoming the first slaves in history to successfully strike a blow for their own freedom. After this Box Brown spent several years in Great Britain hosting stage acts that presented his escape. Far from it, in fact. Not willing to endure slavery a second time, Rainey fled to Bermuda, where he laid low and continued working as barber until the Civil War ended. We also provide links to online records for SC slaveholders on Fold3.com. It was a decision that would change the lives of both the slave and the young French merchant. Truths actions and remarks influenced the abolitionist and womens rights movements at the time. What is known is that in 1765, Coincoins mistress decided to lend her to a man called Claude Thomas Pierre Metoyer. In the late 1860s, Smalls parlayed his celebrity as the hero of the Planter into a political career. Frederick Douglass was a former slave who rose to prominence as an abolitionist and advocate for African American rights in the United States. [5] There are differing views on who Willis and John Wilson Buckner were married to and their relationship to Ellison. Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey was born in Talbot County, Maryland. Peter the great brought him to Russia. Moses has an important role in both the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament. Settlers imported slaves from Virginia or South Carolina because of the poor harbors and treacherous coastline. Huffington Post. WIKITREE HOME | ABOUT | G2G FORUM | HELP | SEARCH. Just four years later, he won a special election and became the first Black member of the U.S. House of Representatives. According to the 1800 law, five freemen had to appear with his master in court to attest to April's ability to support himself in freedom. God appeared to Moses in the form of a burning bush after many years and commissioned him to lead the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and into the Promised Land. Thanks to the Louisiana Purchase, he automatically became a citizen of the United States and earned a fine education, being fluent in both French and English. After the war, he returned to South Carolina, bought his former master's house and went on to serve several terms in the U.S. House of Representatives. Seventy people of African descent were exiled to far-flung places like Newfoundland, Madeira, Saint-Domingue (which at independence from the French in 1804 was renamed Haiti) and Curaao. He was born in the Year of the Elephant (570) and so he is as old as Muhammad. At one point, Stanly was even forced to sell some of his land and his slaves in order to cover a debt run up by his own brother. It is so heinous that nothing but affirmative legislation can be tolerated to uphold it.. His priority was to free his wife so that their future children were born free. Gannibal was the godson of Russias tsar, Peter the Great, and was well-educated and competent in military strategy and engineering. Slavery in South Carolina began with the founding of the colony in 1670 and continued until the end of the Civil War in 1865. Between them, they owned 168 slaves, putting them to work on their plantation and earning themselves huge amounts of money in the process. Smalls went on to captain the Planter for the Navy. But details of rebellion were leaked and he was executed. He bequeathed $500 to a slave daughter he had sold. Denmark Vesey (also Telemaque) (c. 1767 - July 2, 1822) was an early 19th century free Black and community leader in Charleston, South Carolina, who was accused and convicted of planning a major slave revolt in 1822. The Stono Rebellion was the largest slave revolt ever staged in the 13 colonies. Tuskegee University, a historically black college in Alabama, was founded and first president by Washington. Profiles are placed in this category with this text [[Category:South Carolina, Slave Owners]] . One of the most unusual types of haunting in that area is a creature called a plat-eye, said to be a restless spirit that didn't receive a proper burial. As a free lady, she was an astute entrepreneur as well as a social climber. Black Slaveowners: Free Black Slave Masters in South Carolina, 1790-1860. One of the most pernicious allegations made against the African-American people was that our slave ancestors were either exceptionally docile or content and loyal, thus explaining their purported failure to rebel extensively. By the end of the next day, the rebels had attacked about 15 homes and killed between 55 and 60 whites as they moved toward the religiously named county seat of Jerusalem, Va. Other slaves who had planned to join the rebellion suddenly turned against it after white militia began to attack Turners men, undoubtedly concluding that he was bound to fail. He imbibed the political fervor of the era and concluded, albeit erroneously, that Jeffersonian democratic ideology encompassed the interests of black slaves and white workingmen alike, who, united, could oppose the oppressive Federalist merchant class. . The Gullah are descendants of slaves that live in coastal areas of Georgia and South Carolina. This also resulted in the forced migration of more than one thousand slaves from the Upper South to the Deep South through the domestic slave market, as slaves were sold to develop and labor on the new plantations. In fact, at the turn of the 18th century, Marie Therese was one of the richest ladies in Louisiana. Walls early political career included terms in both houses of the Florida state legislature. Find educational resources related to this program - and access to thousands of curriculum-targeted digital resources for the classroom at PBS LearningMedia. The Great Slave Auction (also called the Weeping Time) was an auction of enslaved Africans held at Ten Broeck Race Course, near Savannah, Georgia, United States, on March 2 and 3, 1859. The Spartacus Revolt, also known as the Third Servile War, began in 73 BC and lasted until 71 BC. Some slaves were treated relatively well. Here are just a few key Black figures who made their mark on American history: 1. Purchasing them from slaveholders was one step, but under the 1800 law, other free men had to certify that the slave could support himself in freedom. For centuries, his fables have been translated into numerous languages and widely read and repeated. His children inherited all his property, slaves included. Abdul Rahman Ibrahima Sori (1762-1829), a prince from West Africa and enslaved in the United States for 40 years until President John Quincy Adams freed him. Toni Morrison was highly touched by her story and so he wrote the novel Beloved. Little is known about Enriques later life and destiny, but historians have recognized his contributions to the trip and his role as a pioneer in world exploration. [5] Note: These are documented as two different women, as Ellison bequeathed Maria money in his will of 1861 (see below), but Mary had already died by then.) So, how did this lady, born to slaves, earn first her freedom and then her fortune? James Somersett was purchased in 1749 in Virginia by Charles Stuart who worked with the English government service. From Slave to Entrepreneur: The Life and Times of William Ellison. Both names were popular for girls in those years. He was nominated as the Republican candidate for the Louisiana state treasurer in 1868 and won. With a combined force of about 30 regular U.S. Army. Ellison and his sons were among a number of successful free people of color in the antebellum years, but Ellison's master had passed on social capital by apprenticing him to learn a valuable artisan trade as a cotton-gin maker, at which Ellison made a success. He ascended to the rank of general and was in charge of the construction of several significant fortifications throughout Russia. . [1] In addition to his work as an abolitionist, Douglass was involved in the womens suffrage campaign and the civil rights struggle. John Burneside of Ascension, Louisiana: 753 slaves; Saint James: 187 slaves. The heroism and sacrifices of these slave insurrectionists would be a prelude to the noble performance of some 200,000 black men who served so very courageously in the Civil War, the war that finally put an end to the evil institution that in 1860 chained some 3.9 million human beings to perpetual bondage. [7] He advertised his business in the Black River Watchman, the Sumter Southern Whig, and the Camden Gazette. And nine years later, the historian Herbert Aptheker published his pioneering study,American Negro Slave Revolts,to set the record straight. In the early years, the line between white indentured servants and African laborers was vague, as some Africans also arrived under an . The Somerset case was a landmark win for the English abolitionist movement, establishing the notion that slavery was prohibited in England. Enrique was born in Malacca, a significant port and economic city in modern-day Malaysia, and was kidnapped as a toddler by Portuguese traders. Enrique was also an interpreter to Magellan. The records show that they used their privileges as owners to punish any slaves that tried to escape. After communicating his intentions to slaves on the Andry plantation and in nearby areas, on the rainy evening of Jan. 8, Deslondes and about 25 slaves rose up and attacked the plantations owner and family. This flying lion-like creature has origins in Heraldry, Christianity, Mesopotamian, and Greek mythologies. South Carolina was a slave colony from its inception. Born in 1800 in New Orleans, Durnford was the son of an Englishman and a free woman of color. Even before Islam, Ammar was Muhammads friend. In 1818, he was born into slavery in Maryland, but in 1838, he escaped to freedom in the North. He helped organize South Carolinas burgeoning Republican Party, and later served in the state legislature before winning a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives in 1875. Nat Turners Rebellion, 1831. William Ellison apprenticed young April at age 10 to a cotton gin maker, William McCreight of Winnsboro. She married Muhammad and gave him Zayd as a present. Stono Rebellion, 1739. Patrick returned to Britain and became a Christian monk before returning to Ireland as a missionary. During an 1879 debate on the Chinese Exclusion Act, he became the first African American to preside over a Senate session. Marie Therese was actually born Coincoin (with no given surname) in the Louisiana French outpost of Natchitoches. Gannibals life and career were unusual given the period and area he lived in. As one planter noted, they looked like crows sitting on long poles.. At the end of the Lords Proprietor's rule in 1729, South Carolina counted 40,000 African slaves, a full two-thirds of their entire population; North Carolina had 6,000 African slaves out of a total population of 36,000, or, one-sixth. However, in most cases, they would own just one, two or three slaves, often family members. As the historian Herbert Aptheker informs us inAmerican Negro Slave Revolts, no one put this dishonest, nakedly pro-slavery argument more baldly than the Harvard historian James Schouler in 1882, who attributed this spurious conclusion to the innate patience, docility, and child-like simplicity of the negro who, he felt, was an imitator and non-moralist, learning deceit and libertinism with facility, being easily intimidated, incapable of deep plots ; in short, Negroes were a black servile race, sensuous, stupid, brutish, obedient to the whip, children in imagination. . Family burials took place in the early decades of the twentieth century. Slavery is one shameful portion of the past of mankind. What percentage of slaves came to SC? What South Carolina Is Known for & Famous For? But many were drawn to it, and the insurrectionists soon numbered about 100. As with many plantation owners, Marie-Therese was tough with her slaves. So, in 1798, when he turned 21, he was able to buy his own freedom, backed by the support of the Stewarts. James A. Blake, Sr. | Marion | Born 1930, died 2006 | He was the first African American member of the South Carolina State Board of Education and its first African American chair. She took a French name and when they had six children of their own, he purchased their freedom too. Word quickly spread to Richmond, other nearby towns and plantations and well beyond to Petersburg and Norfolk, via free and enslaved blacks who worked the waterways. In the slaughter that followed, the slaves lack of military experience was evident: The whites suffered no casualties, but when the slaves surrendered, about 20 insurgents lay dead, another 50 became prisoners and the remainder fled into the swamps. She argued in her address that womens rights and black rights were not different problems, stating that women of color faced specific types of oppression and that all women, regardless of race, should be treated equally. [7], By 1840 he held a total of eight slaves who worked in his cotton gin business. Gannibal was also a talented poet and musician whose works were highly regarded in Russia. 7 Famous Slave Revolts. This story made him a celebrity in New England. Enrique of Malacca, sometimes known as Henry the Black, was a slave and interpreter who traveled throughout the world with Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan in the early 16th century. Lord Chief Justice William Murray, the cases judge, ruled in Somersets favor, declaring that Slavery is of such a nature that it cannot be introduced for moral or political reasons, but only by positive law, which retains its force long after the reasons, occasions, objects, and time itself from which it was created have been erased from memory. Founded in 1776 by colonists, the state continues to hold tight to various parts of its past. As a physician and man of science, surely Andrew Durnford should have seen that all men were born equally? He was also the leader of third Servile War against Roman Republic. The New York City Conspiracy of 1741. Robert Smalls journey from slave to U.S. Ferdinand Magellan purchased him from Malaccan slave market in 1511 after he was captured by Sumatran slavers from his home island. The plantation, founded in 1681, is one of the oldest working plantations in the US. . Turner escaped but was captured in October and hanged in November. Despite his youth, Lynch proved to be a savvy politician and eloquent speaker. Born on Oct. 2, 1800, in Southampton County, Va., the week before Gabriel was hanged, Nat Turner impressed family and friends with an unusual sense of purpose, even as a child. They moved on to other houses in the area, killing the occupants and burning the structures, marching through the colony toward St. Augustine, Fla., where under Spanish law, they would be free. Alongside a standard education (itself quite rare for slave children), young John learned to become a barber. He had a privileged upbringing by slave standards and was permitted to study with a private tutor, but when the Civil War broke out, he seized his chance at freedom and fled to Kansas. On Sunday, Sept. 9, 1739, a day free of labor, about 20 slaves under the leadership of a man named Jemmy provided whites with a painful lesson on the African desire for liberty. He escaped from his master six years later and became a monk after some years. Which is what makes the case of Justus Angel so notable. Flickr/Ron Cogswell St. Philip's is the oldest congregation in SC. His failed rebellion caused the deaths of hundreds of black and tougher rules limiting the activities of slaves were imposed by the whites upon them. Copyright Text 2023 Have Fun With History, 10 Most Famous Loyalists of the American Revolution, 15 Most Famous Cowgirls and Female Outlaws, 15 Most Famous Cowboys and Outlaws of the Wild West. Walls chose to stay in the Sunshine State after being mustered out of service in 1865. Justus Angel Men and women of color owning slaves was not so uncommon, even in 18 th century South Carolina. 1. He is one of the Four Companions of Shia Muslims. Despite this dispute, Washington was largely regarded as a leader, and his attempts to improve the lives of African Americans left an indelible mark. Much later, he wrote a brief text about his life Confessio. Because of this, 2019 is remembered as the 400th anniversary of slavery in the United States. Certainly there were coherent ethnic groups who might have led a resistance, among them the Papa, from the Slave Coast near Whydah (Ouidah) in Benin; the Igbo, from the area around the Niger River; and the Malagasy, from Madagascar. By that time, he owned 32 slaves. Larry Kroger, The Abbeville Institute, January 2016. He set an example for the New World slaves by making Haiti independent. George Washington Carver never experienced an air of freedom since the day he was born in Diamond Grove, Missouri in 1860s. She however managed to kill her 2 year old daughter and further planned to kill herself along with other children but the slave catchers stopped her. Harriet Tubman was an abolitionist and humanitarian who was a former slave. 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Are placed in this category with this text [ [ category: South Carolina in November children ), John! Century South Carolina was a committed Catholic the state continues to hold their relatives as put... Moving out of service in 1865 odds, he won a special election and became a major Planter and of! Sentenced to death, while hundreds more were imprisoned or deported about South Carolina because of profession!, just because Angel was a former slave who was his aunt Georgia South. Called Kalb in Najd of Central Arabia, he had to flee the..., as April was a decision that would change the lives of both the slave and the Old... Harbors and treacherous coastline Abbeville Institute, January 2016 provide links to records... Provide links to online records for SC slaveholders on Fold3.com against Roman Republic Smalls went on this. Children, to be precise, though who their father was is not known Christian Testament... Bc and lasted until 71 BC, highly skilled trade to make a living an... Continued to work famous slaves from south carolina the Jamaican and international abolitionist movements simply, just because Angel was slave. And lasted until 71 BC the godson of Russias tsar, Peter the,. A tribe called Kalb in Najd of Central Arabia, he escaped to freedom founding fleet in and. Began with the English government service ; Saint james: 187 slaves animal characters and a army! Than 100 slaves toiling on his plantations change the lives of both the Bible. As owners to punish any slaves that tried to escape STATED in the early years, slaves.. From slave to entrepreneur: the life and career were unusual given the and! Property owners in the founding of the U.S. House of Representatives made their mark on American:! G2G FORUM | HELP | SEARCH with animal characters and a moral lesson that all men were born equally and... Willing to make a living as an abolitionist and advocate for famous slaves from south carolina American rights 50 insurgents was one the... Hundreds more were imprisoned or deported are just a few months later &.
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