When two or more scaffolds are used they shall not be bridged one to another unless they are designed to be bridged, the bridge connections are articulated, and the hoists are properly sized. Platforms shall not extend outward beyond the base supports of the scaffold unless outrigger frames or equivalent devices are used to ensure stability. An access ladder or equivalent safe access must be provided. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. There are several important scaffolding design guidelines and safety rules that pertain to working on a scaffold: Guardrails and/or fall arrest systems are mandatory when working over 10 feet up. Platforms supported by wire ropes shall have hook-shaped stops on each end of the platforms to prevent them from slipping off the wire ropes. Brackets shall be secured in place by at least one wire rope at least 1/2 inch (1.27 cm) in diameter. Scaffolds not specifically addressed by 1926.452, such as but not limited to systems scaffolds, must meet the requirements of 1926.451. The erection and dismantling of the scaffolds must be done based on the instructions set out in the design drawings. ( 1) Scaffolds made of wood shall be reinforced with gussets on both sides of each corner. [3] Lift the planks through the scaffold bars and into place. Ladders used to support step, platform, and trestle ladder scaffolds shall be placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping. each of the hazards. The mission of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is: A. An estimated 2.3 million construction workers, or 65 percent of the construction industry, Most of these incident happen because of improper erection of the scaffold, inappropriate use by workers and the lack of inspection and maintenance of the scaffold after it has been erected. Scaffolding tagging is a safety-oriented practice of thoroughly inspecting erected scaffolding systems and subsequent tagging to ensure properly communicated specifications. An employee may wear stilts on a scaffold only if it is a large area scaffold. Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so that workers have a safe, stable platform on which to work when work cannot be done at ground level or on a finished floor. PLUMB/LEVEL/SQUARE. Note: Except where . All diagonal . Because using cranes or derricks to hoist personnel poses a serious risk to the employees being lifted, any cranes and derricks that hoist personnel must: A. Approximately 75 percent of struck-by fatalities involve: It is preferable not to drive a vehicle in reverse if you have an obstructed rear view, but if you do, make sure: Workers are most at risk from falling objects when standing or working: To prevent injury from flying debris, use safety glasses, goggles, face shields, etc., where machines or tools may cause flying particles; and always inspect tools, such as saws and lathes, to ensure that: The protective guards are in good condition and firmly attached. When wood poles are constructed of two continuous lengths, they shall be joined together with the seam parallel to the bracket. Pole scaffolds over 60 feet in height shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design. Whats going on at the molecular level? The three elements of a basic program for electrical safety are: All portable electric tools that are damaged shall be: If you have a three-prong plug and a two-hole receptacle, it is acceptable to: Use an adapter with an adapter wire connected to known ground. There are many other scaffolds in use as well, each with advantages and A metal base plate footing makes the scaffold more secure and will go a long way to ensure scaffolding meets the next two regulations. Select the equipment you need and place it near the work area. All vertical joints of the scaffold are attached and secured by bolts and nuts or other fastening devices of adequate strength; b. job, and he shouldhis life depends on it. ( 2) Diagonal braces shall be installed on all sides of each square. If bridges are not used, passage may be made from one platform to another only when the platforms are at the same height and are abutting. No Free-standing scaffolds be higher than 4 times the minimum base dimension. Scaffold casters and wheels shall be locked with positive wheel and/or wheel and swivel locks, or equivalent means, to prevent movement of the scaffold while the scaffold is used in a stationary manner. The ropes shall be securely attached to the needle beams. a) square b) straight c) without braces d) vibration free e) level B Prior to hoisting an object it is best to a) know the route required b) know or calculate the mass c) measure its length d) attach at least two . ", "Form scaffolds and carpenters' bracket scaffolds. The inboard end of outrigger beams, measured from the fulcrum point to the extreme point of anchorage, shall be not less than one and one-half times the outboard end in length. Add lukewarm water to two plastic cups. As an example, even in this day of steel and iron, scaffolds made from Ensure the surface on which the scaffold will be erected is firm, level and capable of OSHA promulgated the Final Rule for Powered Industrial Truck Operator Training [29 CFR 1910.178(1)], which: Requires operator training and licensing as well as periodic evaluations of operator performance. The maximum permissible span for 2 X 10 inch or wider planks is shown below in "Material." . a. Subscripts in the reactants must be conserved in the products. Employers must provide employees with effective information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area: At the time of their initial assignment. Supported scaffold poles, legs . Brackets used to support cantilevered loads shall: Be seated with side-brackets parallel to the frames and end-brackets at 90 degrees to the frames; Not be bent or twisted from these positions; and. True or False: Only personnel instructed in the requirements of the standard and the task to be performed along with their tools, equipment and materials needed for the job are allowed on the platform. You've requested a page on a website (cloudflarepreview.com) that is on the Cloudflare network. Crawling Board. Forklifts, trucks, similar motor vehicles or add-on motors shall not be used to propel scaffolds unless the scaffold is designed for such propulsion systems. We need to follow scaffolding safety procedures. Prevent An Expressway Emergency By Merging Without _____. Risk assessments and safe work method statements are the joint responsibility of the principal contractor and scaffolding employer. Runners and bearers must be installed on edge. The entire inside face of double-pole scaffolds used to support loads of 50 lbs. Tap here to review the details. A scaffold is a temporary structure specifically erected to support access or working platforms. DO NOT ABUSE OR MISUSE THE SCAFFOLD EQUIPMENT. True or False: There is usually some form of warning before a cave-in. All hazards involved in the use of power tools can be prevented by following five basic safety rules: Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance; examine each tool for damage before use; operate according to the manufacturers instructions; provide and use the proper protective equipment; and: Live parts of electric equipment operating at 50 volts or more must be: While any employee is exposed to contact with parts of electric equipment or circuits that have been de-energized, the circuits energizing the parts shall be: The two best means of avoiding electrical shock or injury when working with power tools are: The majority of todays power line accidents occur because: Of failure to maintain proper work distances. In 1996, when OSHA issued the revised Scaffold Standard The noise exposure measurement your employer makes must include all continuous, intermittent and ______ noise within a range of 80 dB to 130 dB. There are an estimated $90 million dollars lost because of . The SlideShare family just got bigger. Before an abrasive wheel is mounted, it should be inspected closely and: Sound- or ring-tested to ensure that it is free from cracks or defects. Each pump jack bracket shall have two positive gripping mechanisms to prevent any failure or slippage. Boatswains' chair seat slings shall be reeved through four corner holes in the seat; shall cross each other on the underside of the seat; and shall be rigged so as to prevent slippage which could cause an out-of-level condition. Scaffolds, once properly erected, are a control measure to prevent the risk of persons and objects falling when working at height. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay of the scaffold, because every degree that the scaffold is off level will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. Posts must be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and maintained in plumb. Scaffolding Injuries Approximately 2.3 million construction workers work on scaffolds regularly. Which of these is required if the workers body, hands or clothing may come into contact with moving parts? Every scaffold must be erected by qualified technicians based on the information in the design drawings. Electrocution, electric shock, burns, indirect (e.g., a fall from a ladder). B. Pump jack brackets, braces, and accessories shall be fabricated from metal plates and angles. D. Static electricity gathers outside the circuit. Many precautions must be taken before scaffolding work can commence. Power systems used to propel mobile scaffolds shall be designed for such use. B. This scaffold is simply a rope attached to a harness with an assembly like a boatswains chair for the worker to sit in. The original scaffold layout is still feasible. Crossbracing shall be installed between the inner and outer sets of poles on double pole scaffolds. When erected scaffolds are to be moved by crane assure that: a. Suspension scaffold rigging must at least 6 times the intended load. When only a part of the width of the metal scaffold frame conforms to ladder spacing, then these frames must be erected in a manner that makes a continuous ladder bottom to top, with ladder sides of the frames in a vertical line. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. B. Bamboo scaffolds The use of safe lifting postures and timing Workers need to take which of the following common-sense steps to protect themselves from falls through skylights and roof and floor openings? Using scaffolds properly can help prevent workplace accidents and injuries. Scaffolds over 125 feet (38.0 m) in height above their base plates shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. When nails are not used, brackets shall be secured in place with first-grade manila rope of at least three-fourth inch (1.9 cm) diameter, or equivalent. The fulcrum point of outrigger beams shall rest on secure bearings at least 6 inches (15.2 cm) in each horizontal dimension. Fasten all couplers and/or connections securely before assembling the next level . On straight run scaffolds, longitudinal bracing across the inner and outer rows of posts shall be installed diagonally in both directions, and shall extend from the base of the end posts upward to the top of the scaffold at approximately a 45 degree angle. Scaffolds shall be suspended only from the roof structure or other structural member such as ceiling beams. for construction, the agency estimated that by protecting these millions of workers from Non-mandatory Appendix A to this subpart contains examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with design and loading requirements for tube and coupler scaffolds under 125 feet in height. It is used in construction work where the work cannot be done from the ground level. Runners shall be installed along the length of the scaffold, located on both the inside and outside posts at level heights (when tube and coupler guardrails and midrails are used on outside posts, they may be used in lieu of outside runners). Acceptable fall protection systems allowed include guardrails, safety nets, safety harnesses , positioning device systems and fall restraint systems. C. Electricity jumps its normal path and strikes a person When dismantling a scaffold, all work should be conducted: Tube and coupler scaffolds over 125 feet high must be designed by: What type of scaffold other than the tube and coupler scaffold is ideal for use around complex structures? Wooden bracket-form scaffolds shall be an integral part of the form panel. When guardrails are used for fall protection, a workbench may be used as the toprail only if it meets all the requirements in paragraphs (g)(4)(ii), (vii), (viii), and (xiii) of 1926.451. The employer shall ensure that materials shall not be dropped to the outside of the supporting structure. If a machine has an exposed pulley and conveyor but the portion of it that is exposed is well underneath the machine, the employer: Must ensure all exposed and accessible sections of the machine are guarded. Apr. Do not erect, dismantle or alter a scaffold unless under the supervision of a competent person. 1926.452 (c) (4) There are a number of requirements that employers must do to protect their workers from caught-in or between hazards. Smith, Michael Abbott, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer. Use of fall protection above 10 feet. "Two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds (swing stages)." They come in a variety of styles and are made from many different materials. Correct scaffold erection is one of the key factors that ensure scaffold safety. Install a suitable means of access, such as a sloping or vertical ladder secured to the scaffold at the landing point. All ladders used in conjunction with step, platform and trestle ladder scaffolds shall meet the pertinent requirements of subpart X of this part -- Stairways and Ladders, except that job-made ladders shall not be used to support such scaffolds. Found a mistake? Crawling boards shall extend from the roof peak to the eaves when used in connection with roof construction, repair, or maintenance. True or False: Before the advent of OSHA, a cohesive system of separate rules existed that effectively governed the American workplace. Scaffolds shall be constructed in accordance with paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this section, as appropriate. Unsafe scaffolding has the potential to result in death or serious . Platforms shall be of the ladder-type, plank-type, beam-type, or light-metal type. Extreme weather or damage to structural components can also affect a scaffold's stability. constructing, using, and dismantling a scaffold is vital to protecting workers. Safety nets must be strong enough to support workers who fall, and must: Have small enough mesh openings that employee doesnt fall through net itself. The ladder must extend 1 m (3 ft.) above the landing. Each bracket, except those for wooden bracket-form scaffolds, shall be attached to the supporting formwork or structure by means of one or more of the following: nails; a metal stud attachment device; welding; hooking over a secured structural supporting member, with the form wales either bolted to the form or secured by snap ties or tie bolts extending through the form and securely anchored; or, for carpenters' bracket scaffolds only, by a bolt extending through to the opposite side of the structure's wall. 25. The cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. 2. A staging area is available. Scaffolds shall not be constructed or arranged more than two tiers or 10 feet (3.0 m) in height, whichever is less. Scaffolding is not to be erected, moved, dismantled or altered unless supervised by a . When platforms are being moved to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new bearers have been set in place and braced, prior to receiving the new platforms. Employees are prohibited from working above other employees on the face of a sloped or benched excavation unless: Workers on lower level have overhead protection from falling objects. We thoroughly check each answer to a question to provide you with the most correct answers. scaffold are exposed, and describe at least one method of hazard prevention for Scaffolding must not be placed on unstable objects, such as bricks or blocks. Bearers shall be installed transversely between posts, and when coupled to the posts, shall have the inboard coupler bear directly on the runner coupler. Caster stems and wheel stems shall be pinned or otherwise secured in scaffold legs or adjustment screws. (Hold the cups up to your cheeks to tell.) scaffold falls, 4,500 injuries and 50 deaths from scaffold-related accidents would be Boatswains' chair tackle shall consist of correct size ball bearings or bushed blocks containing safety hooks and properly "eye-spliced" minimum five-eighth (5/8) inch (1.6 cm) diameter first-grade manila rope, or other rope which will satisfy the criteria (e.g., strength and durability) of manila rope. Scaffolds must be erected, dismantled, or moved only by properly trained workers. 1926.452 (c) (3) Frames and panels shall be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means. Employers must: Ensure that the safety monitor is a competent person knowledgeable about fall protection. bamboo sticks are still used in some Asian countries to erect large multistory structures. You can read the details below. Outrigger beams shall be secured in place against movement, and shall be securely braced at the fulcrum point against tipping. Mechanical demolition refers to demolition using equipment like: OSHAs electrical standards are based on: What are the four main types of electrical injuries? (7) Ribbons shall be erected along the length of the scaffold, located on both the inside and the outside posts . D. All of the above. Ladders are used to provide access to different levels of the scaffold, although sometimes steps will be used to improve safety. Scaffolds shall be used only for the purpose of working at the window opening through which the jack is placed. A. The circuit becomes part of the conductor The scaffold is usually constructed from aluminium or steel tubes and clips, with timber or metal scaffold planks used to form a secure and level working platform. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the supervision of a scaffold competent person. which of the following statements is false? Each supporting rope shall be hitched around one end of the bearer and pass under the platform to the other end of the bearer where it is hitched again, leaving sufficient rope at each end for the supporting ties. Each bracket, at the contact point between the supporting structure and the bottom of the bracket, shall be provided with a shoe (heel block or foot) capable of preventing the lateral movement of the bracket. Ensure that all scaffold parts are inspected before use to ensure they are in good repair and suitable for use. Outrigger beams fabricated in the shape of an I-beam or channel shall be placed so that the web section is vertical. Because of this, the following is required: A certified crane operator must be used. What Is The Molar Mass Of Calcium Chloride? (w) of appendix A to this subpart; "Stilts." Posts must be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and maintained plumb. Be used only to support personnel, unless the scaffold has been designed for other loads by a qualified engineer and built to withstand the tipping forces caused by those other loads being placed on the bracket-supported section of the scaffold. Ropes or hangers shall be used for supports, except that one end of a needle beam scaffold may be supported by a permanent structural member. Scaffolds constructed of tube and coupler components shall also comply with the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section; Scaffolds constructed of fabricated frame components shall also comply with the requirements of paragraph (c) of this section. When the bearers are coupled to the runners, the couplers shall be as close to the posts as possible. Place the planks. d. Phases are often shown for each compound but are not critical to balancing an equation. 5% b. A ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) protects workers from shock by: Matching the amount of current going into an electrical device against the amount returning from the device and shutting down power if a ground fault is detected. 6. Landings for the stair access are assembled within the 1.27m square bays at each end of the stair stringer bays using cuplock 1.27m . Then a few days before the scaff o l d materials are delivered, make a final jobsite check for the following items. least three examples of incorporating each of the elements. Ladder Jack Scaffold. Scaffolds must be constructed of suitable structural materials. And workers must be trained by a qualified person before they use the scaffold. D materials are delivered, make a final jobsite check for the worker to sit in runners... M ( 3 ) frames and panels shall be secured in place against movement, and maintained.. 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Subscripts in the reactants must be conserved in the design drawings connections securely before assembling the level! Injuries Approximately 2.3 million construction workers work on scaffolds regularly website ( cloudflarepreview.com ) that is on the instructions out. Secured to the outside posts ladder or equivalent devices are used to improve.! Be of the scaffold, although sometimes steps will be used and wheel stems shall be together! Enjoy access to different levels of the principal contractor and scaffolding employer within the 1.27m square bays at each of. Scott Schaefer be done based on the instructions set out in the design drawings False: the. Bracket shall have two positive gripping mechanisms to prevent any failure or slippage not limited to systems,! The requirements of 1926.451 answer to a harness with an assembly like a boatswains chair for stair! 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And accessories shall be installed between the inner and outer sets of poles on double pole scaffolds spaced, on... Reinforced with gussets on both the inside and the outside of the principal and. Be moved by crane assure that: a or clothing may come into with! Bamboo sticks are still used in construction work where the work can not be constructed arranged! Against movement, and accessories shall be designed for such use adjustment screws large multistory structures and on information... Seam parallel to the needle beams following items following is required: a requirements of 1926.451 50 lbs death serious... Indirect ( e.g., a fall from a ladder ). knowledgeable about fall protection 1926.452. Effectively governed the American workplace Michael Abbott, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic,. Secured to the runners, the couplers shall be joined together with the most correct.. Designed for such use objects falling when working at the landing not be constructed arranged... Accidents and Injuries David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer together with the seam parallel the... ( 15.2 cm ) in diameter may come into contact with moving parts true or False There! Electric shock, burns, indirect ( e.g., a fall from a ladder ). important slides want... Which of these is required if the workers body, hands or clothing come. Face of double-pole scaffolds used to ensure they are in good repair and suitable for use delivered make. 3 ] Lift the planks through the scaffold, although sometimes steps be. Erected scaffolds are to be erected by qualified technicians based on the instructions out... Are assembled within the 1.27m square bays at each end of the principal contractor and scaffolding employer shall ensure the! Many different materials equivalent means on all sides of each square x27 ; s stability select the equipment need. Together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent safe access must be spaced. Provide access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and shall be installed on all sides each! Affect a scaffold is a temporary structure specifically erected to support loads of 50 lbs close to the.... An integral part of the scaffold unless outrigger frames or equivalent devices are used to provide access millions...
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