Matthew was an accurate record keeper. Follow me, Jesus said to him, and Levi got up, left everything and followed him. Luke 5:2728. I promise you that this will never happen to you (Matthew 16:22 ESV). But thats it. Therefore, it is anachronistic to view people acting with zeal before 68 C.E. *shrug* Aside from that, Matthew devotes a significant amount of favorable attention to Peter in his gospel. This is supported by the educational tradition of the period. Matthew is considered one of the Four Evangelists. This is a title reserved for Matthew, Mark, Luke, and Johnthe traditional authors of the four gospels. According to Matthews Gospel, which was written 3040 years after Jesus resurrection, he was in his 20s when he followed Jesus on earth, implying that Matthew was in his 20s when following Jesus on earth. Missionary Teaching Trip to Ghana, Liberia, Cote dIvoire and Senegal by Dr. John Oakes. Compare this line in the prayer as recorded by Matthew and Luke: Forgive us our sins, for we also forgive everyone who sins against us. Luke 11:4 (emphasis added), And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors. Matthew 6:12 (emphasis added). If the brothers were grown men, Salomes obstinacy would be quite incomprehensible. Having witnessed this final miracle, the king and his kingdom of man-eaters recognize the one true God and put their faith in Jesus. There are legends about his ministry, but no substantial records of his role in the early church. Third and last point: Jesus prophecies about His own death and resurrection add to the dramatic tension of this most ultimate of redemption stories. To the Jews, tax collectors were the embodiment of sin. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. While there are credible arguments against his authorship, no alternative writer has been named. Matthew the Apostle, according to the Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary (Vol. This is a term designated for Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, the four gospel authors who are considered to be the traditional authors of their respective books. The Gospel of Matthews author is anonymous, but Matthew the Apostle is traditionally considered the author. A young man could just as truly pray that his life is fulfilled in seeing Messiah, that he can now die happy. 3 Suddenly Moses and Elijah appeared before them, talking with Jesus. Two of the four Gospels were written by members of Christs original twelve disciples, making a total of four Gospels. The king repeatedly makes moves to try and kill him, eventually having him nailed to the ground and lit on fire. I am definitely not an expert on this question, but I have read a number of speculations by different authors on this subject. Please respond to an article I read which claims that Luke uses Greek idioms and puts them in the mouth of Paul, showing he is making things up. With the disciples, its possible that we had a Young Guns-style cast. It is reasonable to assume that John was at least 20 years old at the time of the crucifixion, given his ability to care for Jesus mother (John 19:2627). This tax collector was reviled for who he was, but Jesus loved him for who he was. Jesus twelve disciples were virtually all under the age of eighteen, with some as young as fifteen, which suggests that they were in their early teens. The Gospel of Matthew leaves little room for confusion though: hes called the tax collector in the list of disciples: These are the names of the twelve apostles: first, Simon (who is called Peter) and his brother Andrew; James son of Zebedee, and his brother John; Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus; Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him. Matthew 10:24. His message was not polished, but blunt and to the point. He was inspired by the Holy Spirit and learned from Jesus brilliance by actually walking with Him and learning from His teaching. Jesus, everyone agrees, was about 30 years old during his ministry, based on Luke's explicit aging in 3:23. Jesus was taken to the Temple in Jerusalem for the Jewish religious ritual of Redemption when he was 40 days old. Kilburn. Still, that doesnt mean Matthew didnt write this gospel as well. These are the names of the twelve apostles: first Matthew 10:24 (New International Version) Fun fact: As a tax collector, Matthew wouldve undoubtedly been quite good with money, and modern readers might assume hed make an excellent candidate for the position of official treasurer for the ring of thieves. To some extent, this proof of His foresight speaks volumes about His divinity, and Matthew is surely conveying this point for his audience with this storyline. All rights reserved. Although born in Bethlehem, according to Matthew and Luke, Jesus was a Galilean from Nazareth, a village near Sepphoris, one of the two major cities of Galilee ( Tiberias was the other). He becomes an active follower/disciple of Jesus. He was sitting at his tax collector's desk near the Sea of Galilee when Jesus told him to follow him (Matthew 9:9; Mark 2:14). There would be no such thing as a half-hearted belief. Doesn't this contradict what God said in the OT? Matthew, on the other hand, was a glutton for punishment before he met Jesus. Peter, Prince of the Apostles. Even more so given that he is referring to literature that was originally written in Hebrew or Aramaic, and that the Gospel of Matthew appears to have been written in Greek rather than translated into it, as some scholars believe. HarperOne. At the time of his call as an Apostle, Peter was living with his wife and his wife's mother. But, as I said, we dont have to infer that he was THAT much older, since his brother Andrew is still unmarried and he works with close friends James and John, also unmarried. Revealing Christ is our current series where we are delving further into the Scriptures of Matthew 15:29 17:23, where Peter declared Jesus to be the Christ, the Son of God, and where Peter, James, and John witnessed Jesus transfiguration. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. 4:18, Jesus was walking by the Sea of Galilee and He sees Simon Peter and Andrew as they were fishing. We know that a number of them had well-established occupations, such as fisherman (Peter, Andrew, James, and John) or tax collector (James and John) (Matthew). Lon has been on the Board of Jews for . . Two, because we find them working in trades at the time Jesus calls them, none of the disciples likely were star students. Seeing the people, He felt compassion for them, because they were distressed and dispirited like sheep without a shepherd. Fun fact: As a tax collector, Matthew wouldve presumably been great with money, and modern readers would think hed be an ideal candidate for the groups official treasurer. But given the reputation of tax collectors in first-century Judaism, that wouldve been a bad move politicallywhich might be why the disciples gave the job to a guy named Judas Iscariot. Interestingly, neither Mark nor Luke specifically identify the disciple Matthew as a tax collector; instead, we must conclude that Levi the tax collector (Mark 3:18 and Luke 6:15) is the disciple Matthew. (Lk 24:13-31) He said, "You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God." (Mt 16:16) This man thought Jesus was the Son of God because Jesus told him, "I saw you under the fig tree." (Jn 1:48-50) They . Beitzel, Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible. Include a biography His masters degree is in history, and he is a history professor at the University of Northern Colorado. The Beginners Guide to the Bible gives you an overview of what the Bible is, what its for, and what its all about. Your email address will not be published. Jesus with Moses and Elijah. Aside from a handful of mentions in the gospels, he's a surprisingly obscure New Testament figure. The holy city, Jerusalem, comes down from out of heaven, looking as new and innocent as a bride ready for her husband. Of whom are Matthew, Philip, Thomas, Levi, and many others. Stromata. But lets not void Jesus human nature and the nature of his patriarchal cultural. Including parallel passages, there are just seven mentions of him in the entire Bible. Follow me, Jesus told him, and Levi got up and followed him. Mark 2:14, After this, Jesus went out and saw a tax collector by the name of Levi sitting at his tax booth. In the words of Heracleon, the apostle died as a result of natural circumstances. You will be able to see your next lesson in 10 seconds. In Matthew 17:24, he tells us the precise amount of the temple tax: After Jesus and his disciples arrived in Capernaum, the collectors of the two-drachma temple tax came to Peter and asked, Doesnt your teacher pay the temple tax?. Why did he not appear to the Pharisees & teachers of the law? 4 Hurley believes "the foundation-stone of Jesus's attitude toward women was his vision of them as persons to whom and for whom he had come. And despite the fact that the church has long considered him the author of the Gospel of Matthew, little else was ever recorded about him. as members of a sect called the Zealots." Matthew is a mysterious apostle, and well take a look at what the Bible has to say about him, what we know about the gospel that carries his name, and some other interesting facts about him. How the disciples could be living and writing about the events of Jesus life as late as 95-100 A.D. And its also possible that its simply a matter of him having a Greek name (Matthew) and a Hebrew name (Levi), like how the Apostle Paul was also known by Saul. 4, p. 643). Matthew is the first person we encounter in Capernaum, as he is working in his tax booth on the major roadway. Again crowds come to him, and he begins teaching them. Almost all we know about Matthew comes straight from the gospels, which is a good thing. John watches as a New Heaven and a New Earth appear in a vision. Later apocryphal texts emerged claiming to be written by him, and some early church fathers supported these texts, but the works only survive in fragments and quotations, and modern scholarship is divided on their authorship. Log InBack to top. JESUS CALLS MATTHEW, THE TAX COLLECTOR. . Answer Neither the Bible nor any other source specifies the ages of any of Jesus initial twelve apostles. After that, if the youngster was clever and motivated in continuing his religious studies, he would seek out and follow a rabbi who would mentor him, and he would model his life after the rabbi until he was 30 years old. It feels like a lifeline to me right now. However, they all ultimately offer a different portrait of Jesus. Matthew says that Jesus is born in Bethlehem. Remember also that Jesus nicknamed them Sons of Thunder because they were probably either loud or bold, characteristics of youth. For example, his account of the Resurrection tells that those assigned to guard the Savior's tomb saw two angels roll back the stone that covered the door of the tomb. It was not until Antioch, some years after Jesus resurrection, that the term Christianity was coined. When he authored the Gospel of Matthew some 20 years later, he was able to draw on such characteristics. Both Daniel and Zechariah Ch 9-14 are the product of the Hellenistic era and have no messianic prophecies. At the very least, Jesus motivation to live and die in complete surrender to His Fathers will, knowing that His Fathers goals and mission are the best shows itself in this prophecy when considered in its context. You may come to the conclusion that the others were minors and hence did not have to pay. Only one (and its parallels) gives us any substantial details about him. Foxes Book of Martyrs also lends support to the martyrdom narrative of Matthew, saying that he was killed in the city of Nabadar with a halberd (a combined spear and battleax). Notes for Class: Apologetics, Biblical Criticism and Inspiration, 2010 International Christian Evidences Conference. He completed graduate work at Johns Hopkins University, receiving a Masters Degree in Near Eastern Studies in 1979. . He had just delivered what would become the most famous sermon in history. He knew the human heart and the longings of the Jewish people. Well, no Rabbi would take disciples until age 30, and no disciples would seek out a Rabbi younger than that. He gave lectures near the seaside and from the top of a mountain. Who Was Herod? This isnt simply some haphazard attempt by a lone individual to document the events of his life. Tax collectors earned a reputation for telling people they owed more than they did and pocketing the difference. They were most certainly teens by this point, as they were able to leave home to follow a rabbi. Although the Bible declares that we are all sinners (Romans 3:23), the term sinner was reserved for the worst of the worst in ancient Judaism, such as tax collectors. In addition to the Gospel of Mark and to a source with sayings of Jesus (referred . Dislikes the New Guy: Initially does not get along with Matthew, who he remembers from the latter's previous line of work. As a Jew, stepping into this profession was essentially an act of betrayal to his people. This all changed for Matthew when Jesus crossed his path and said, Follow me. Thats all there is to it. The Bible tells us that Peter had a wife when Jesus cured his mother-in-law, according to Matthew 8:14-15. No, Matthew wasnt a shady writer in the traditional sense. What bolsters this case is the educational pathway of that time. Some of these accounts appeared to be at least loosely based on reality, supporting details about how people died and where they traveled to. Various English translations published, standard reference translation by, sfn error: no target: CITEREFEaston1897 (. The Greek word for . The majority of experts think that Jesus lived from from 4 BC to approximately 30 or 33 AD. (Matt 11:25). The author of the Gospel of Matthew is unknown, however Matthew the Apostle is widely regarded as the books primary author. In the first few centuries of the church, countless legends sprouted about the apostlesso many that it essentially became its own genre. Matthew was a man who could have moved comfortably in political circles, and his book mentions things that someone in his position would know. (Of course, the ages are approximate.) But for centuries, the church has claimed it was the Apostle Matthew. Claims to fame: Matthew works as a tax collector before meeting Jesus. Being a disciple of Jesus Christ is incomparably more valuable than money, celebrity, and power. One may assume that since he was running a fishing business when he met Jesus that he was "in his early thirties, born, like Jesus, some time before the turn of the century," (Thiede). Here are a few biblical indices of youth development: In Matthew 11:25, Luke 10:21, and John 13:33, Jesus refers to his followers as little ones, referring to them as children. He was not a rabbi who was responsible for teaching in the synagogue. Its difficult to pinpoint exactly how Matthew died, as it is with the majority of the apostles. In fact, the age for following a Rabbi was considerably less than 30 years oldprobably less than 20. We should not be made to feel unqualified because of our physical appearance, lack of education, or previous experiences in our lives. Interestingly, Mark and Luke dont explicitly label the disciple Matthew as a tax collectorwe have to infer that Levi the tax collector (Mark 3:18 and Luke 6:15) is the disciple named Matthew. In the time of Jesus, a Jewish male could only marry after reaching the age of eighteen. Matthew is regarded as one of the Four Evangelists of the New Testament. Young men began their studies with a Rabbi when they were 12 to 30 years old, although they normally started when they were fewer than 20 years old, according to Jewish tradition. As recorded in Matthew 17:24, the temple tax was two drachmas, and the collectors of the two-drachma temple tax came to Peter and asked, Doesnt your teacher pay the temple tax? After Jesus and his disciples arrived in Capernaum, the collectors of the two-drachma temple tax came to Peter and asked, Doesnt your teacher pay the temple tax? It appears that the author paid close attention to Jesus teachings regarding money, had a more in-depth grasp of financial problems, and regarded finance as a useful lens through which to view the gospel. The men were Moses and Elijah. Matthew was living in the area of Capernaum, a city on the northern coast of the Sea of Galilee, when Jesus called him. Clement of Alexandria quotes Heracleon, one of the earliest commentators on the New Testament, as saying that Matthew died naturally: But neither will this utterance be found to be spoken universally; for all the saved have confessed with the confession made by the voice, and departed. In Exodus 30:14-15, we read that every male over the age of 20 was to pay a tax to maintain the Sanctuary or Temple. Matthews gospel appears to be greatly influenced by Marks gospel (which explains why there are so many comparable passages), yet the Gospel of Mark is thought to have been written by a man named John Mark, who was not an eyewitness to the events in the Gospel of Mark. No other disciples wives are ever mentioned. This ritual was an obligatory ceremony for firstborn boys according to the Law of Moses. (See Acts 11:27 for further information.) Matthew 14:14. Little is known about this apostle. When we get to this third section at Redemption Church, as we continue our journey through Matthew, we will be officially kicking off Lent as a community of believers. Matthew, according to his gospel, heard these words and immediately dropped everything. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Now, God, Himself, will dwell with the people . According to the system in place under the Roman Empire, Matthew would have paid all of the taxes in advance and then collected money from locals and tourists to compensate himself. 00:00 36:02. . The Apostle Matthew, also known as Saint Matthew and Levi, was one of the twelve disciples of Jesus Christ. In an attempt to murder him, the monarch makes many attempts, finally nailing him to the ground and setting him ablaze with his own blood on the ground. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. As a Jew, entering this profession amounted to a betrayal of his people, which was difficult to swallow. Matthew, Mark, and Luke have parallel accounts of Jesus calling a tax collector to become a disciple. Because Matthew's original purpose was to prove to his Jewish brethren that Jesus is their Mashiach/Messiah, he included in his Gospel nine proof texts from the Old Testament which Jesus fulfilledMatthew 1:22,23; 2:15; 2:17,18; 2:23; 4:14-16; 8:17; 12:17-21; 13:35; 27:9,10. The Gospels of Mark, Matthew, and Luke all include much of the same materialmiracles, teachings, sayingsand for this reason are similar. While in Jerusalem he chased the moneychangers from the temple and overturned their tables. The famous parable of the talents (Matthew 25:14-20) only appears in the Gospel of Matthew. According to the scripture, Jesus went to Jerusalem for the Passover feast. By calling Matthew, Jesus was proclaiming that no one would be excluded from his movementnot even those society considered irredeemable. In passages parallel to Matthew 9:9, both Mark 2:14 and Luke 5:27 describe Jesus's calling of the tax collector . What were their professions? Tax collectors had very little accountability. The Gospel of Matthew is typically attributed to Matthew, who is also known as the author of the book. First and foremost, here are some short facts. Tax collectors were held to a low standard of responsibility. Mostly older teenagers, young Jewish bachelors, and not blue-chip Harvard stars either. When tax collectors came to be baptized by John the Baptist, they said, Teacher, what shall we do? and he told them: Collect no more than you are authorized to do (Luke 3:1213). Required fields are marked *. "Synoptic" means to see (optic) the same (syn). The exact date of his passing is unclear. Tax collectors were sinners by trade, lying and cheating their way into riches and robbing from even the poorest among their people. How educated he was is really unknown. He is an eyewitness of Jesus Christ's ascension. Ultimately, we wont be able to affirm or deny who wrote the Gospel of Matthew until we have a byline. He didnt dither, and he didnt even bother to glance back. CHRIST ASSOCIATES WITH SINNERS TO HELP THEM. Historically, a rabbi of that era would begin accepting students when he reached the age of thirty. I am definitely not an expert on this question, but I have read a number of speculations by different authors on this subject. It derives from the Greek word evangelion, which literally means good news. With their writings, these four authors spread the good news of Jesus Christ across the world. Despite the fact that there are compelling reasons against his authorship, no alternate author has been identified. In this case, the age of Christ is important since the information helps us understand the fulfillment of a prophecy in Jeremiah. The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Lexham, England). Irenaeus, who lived from about 130 AD to 202 AD, made a similar claim in Against Heresies: Matthew also issued a written Gospel among the Hebrews in their own dialect, while Peter and Paul were preaching at Rome, and laying the foundations of the Church., However, Papias statement is actually pretty ambiguous. A Jew, entering this profession was essentially an act of betrayal to his people syn. 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